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In
the mid 20's German Baron Eduard von der Heydt, purchased the land where
the colony surged. The wealthy tycoon intended to create a 'universal
village' where international politics, finance, culture and ideologies
could be cohabitant free of prejudice and take advantage from the recognized
healing proprieties of the area. In 1928 he commissioned Bauhaus architect
Emil Fahrenkamp to built the Hotel Monte Verita', initiating the tourist
development of the whole region. Another interesting Bauhaus building
on the hill is the Teatro San Materno, built between 1927 and 1928 by
architect Karl Weidemeyer, on a brief by Belgian dancer Charlotte Bara,
who aimed to perpetuate the modern dance heritage of great innovators
and former Monte Verita' guests: the Russian Rudolf Von Laban and the
Brit Mary Wigman.
In the 50's, mass tourism started its conquest of Ticino, and most of
the wild mysterious charm got irreparably lost. If the true Monte-Veritaneans,
did not leave a visible mark on history, many visitors of the mount
did: Hermann Hesse, D.H. Lawrence, Alfred Kubin and James Joyce in literature,
Mary Wigman and Isadora Duncan in modern dance, Alexey von Jawlensky,
Paul Klee, Hans Arp, Tristan Tzara and Oskar Schlemmer in art, Sigmund
Freud and C.G. Jung in Psychoanalysis and Walter Gropius in architecture.
The Ascona way of life was an idea imported from strangers, and predictably
little influenced the local population, which could hardly relate to
the eccentricities of its guests. Still today the term 'balabiott'(naked
dancer in local dialect) is used to describe weirdos; nudism was common
practice on the colony at the Monte Verità.
The Hotel Monte Verita', The Teatro San Materno, the Casa Anatta (small
museum in original wooden building of the time of the colony) and the
melancholic surrounding woods, are the only witnesses of a movement
that tried in vane the return to a life in tune with nature and the
cosmos. Sadly Speculation has won over our heritage, and Ascona has
turned into a giant deluxe resort.
This
is only a small introduction to the history of the Monte verità,
and purely reflects my own opinions.
Giulia
Maria Beretta
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